前言

最近在回顾设计模式方式的知识,重新翻阅了《JavaScript模式》(个人感觉也算是一本小有名气的书了哈)一书,读时总有感触:在即将到来的ES6的大潮下,书中的许多模式的代码可用ES6的语法更为优雅简洁的实现,而另一些模式,则已经被ES6原生支持,如模块模式(99页)。所以自己动手用ES6重新实现了一遍里面的设计模式,算是对其的巩固,也算是与大家一起来研究探讨ES6语法的一些最佳实践。

目录

(以下所有例子的原型均为《JavaScript模式》一书里“设计模式”章节中的示例)

代码repo地址,欢迎star,欢迎follow。

实现

单例模式

主要改变为使用了class的写法,使对象原型的写法更为清晰,更整洁:

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'use strict';
let __instance = (function () {
let instance;
return (newInstance) => {
if (newInstance) instance = newInstance;
return instance;
}
}());

class Universe {
constructor() {
if (__instance()) return __instance();
//按自己需求实例化
this.foo = 'bar';
__instance(this);
}
}

let u1 = new Universe();
let u2 = new Universe();

console.log(u1.foo); //'bar'
console.log(u1 === u2); //true

迭代器模式

ES6原生提供的Iterator接口就是为这而生的啊,使用胖箭头函数写匿名函数(还顺带绑定了上下文,舒舒服服):

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'use strict';
let agg = {
data: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
[Symbol.iterator](){
let index = 0;
return {
next: () => {
if (index < this.data.length) return {value: this.data[index++], done: false};
return {value: undefined, done: true};
},
hasNext: () => index < this.data.length,
rewind: () => index = 0,
current: () => {
index -= 1;
if (index < this.data.length) return {value: this.data[index++], done: false};
return {value: undefined, done: true};
}
}
}
};

let iter = agg[Symbol.iterator]();
console.log(iter.next()); // { value: 1, done: false }
console.log(iter.next()); // { value: 2, done: false }
console.log(iter.current());// { value: 2, done: false }
console.log(iter.hasNext());// true
console.log(iter.rewind()); // rewind!
console.log(iter.next()); // { value: 1, done: false }

// for...of
for (let ele of agg) {
console.log(ele);
}

工厂模式

个人感觉变化比较不大的一个:

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'use strict';
class CarMaker {
constructor() {
this.doors = 0;
}

drive() {
console.log(`jaja, i have ${this.doors} doors`);
}

static factory(type) {
return new CarMaker[type]();
}
}

CarMaker.Compact = class Compact extends CarMaker {
constructor() {
super();
this.doors = 4;
}
};

CarMaker.factory('Compact').drive(); // 'jaja, i have 4 doors'

装饰者模式

for...of循环,新时代的for (var i = 0 ; i < arr.length ; i++)? :

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'use strict';
class Sale {
constructor(price) {
[this.decoratorsList, this.price] = [[], price];
}

decorate(decorator) {
if (!Sale[decorator]) throw new Error(`decorator not exist: ${decorator}`);
this.decoratorsList.push(Sale[decorator]);
}

getPrice() {
for (let decorator of this.decoratorsList) {
this.price = decorator(this.price);
}
return this.price.toFixed(2);
}

static quebec(price) {
return price + price * 7.5 / 100;
}

static fedtax(price) {
return price + price * 5 / 100;
}
}

let sale = new Sale(100);
sale.decorate('fedtax');
sale.decorate('quebec');
console.log(sale.getPrice()); //112.88

策略模式

对于传统的键值对,使用Map来代替对象(数组)来组织,感觉带来得是更好的语义和更方便的遍历:

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'use strict';
let data = new Map([['first_name', 'Super'], ['last_name', 'Man'], ['age', 'unknown'], ['username', 'o_O']]);
let config = new Map([['first_name', 'isNonEmpty'], ['age', 'isNumber'], ['username', 'isAlphaNum']]);

class Checker {
constructor(check, instructions) {
[this.check, this.instructions] = [check, instructions];
}
}

class Validator {
constructor(config) {
[this.config, this.messages] = [config, []];
}

validate(data) {
for (let [k, v] of data.entries()) {
let type = this.config.get(k);
let checker = Validator[type];
if (!type) continue;
if (!checker) throw new Error(`No handler to validate type ${type}`);
let result = checker.check(v);
if (!result) this.messages.push(checker.instructions + ` **${v}**`);
}
}

hasError() {
return this.messages.length !== 0;
}
}

Validator.isNumber = new Checker((val) => !isNaN(val), 'the value can only be a valid number');
Validator.isNonEmpty = new Checker((val) => val !== "", 'the value can not be empty');
Validator.isAlphaNum = new Checker((val) => !/^a-z0-9/i.test(val), 'the value can not have special symbols');

let validator = new Validator(config);
validator.validate(data);
console.log(validator.messages.join('\n')); //the value can only be a valid number **unknown**

外观模式

这个简直没啥好变的。。。:

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'use strict';
let nextTick = (global.setImmediate == undefined) ? process.nextTick : global.setImmediate;

代理模式

利用extends关键字来获得父类中的方法引用以及和父类相同的类接口:

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'use strict';
class Real {
doSomething() {
console.log('do something...');
}
}

class Proxy extends Real {
constructor() {
super();
}

doSomething() {
setTimeout(super.doSomething, 1000 * 3);
}
}

new Proxy().doSomething(); //after 3s ,do something...

订阅/发布模式

被Node原生的Events模块所支持,同样结合默认参数,for…of遍历等特性,代码的减少以及可读性的增加都是可观的:

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'use strict';
class Event {
constructor() {
this.subscribers = new Map([['any', []]]);
}

on(fn, type = 'any') {
let subs = this.subscribers;
if (!subs.get(type)) return subs.set(type, [fn]);
subs.set(type, (subs.get(type).push(fn)));
}

emit(content, type = 'any') {
for (let fn of this.subscribers.get(type)) {
fn(content);
}
}
}

let event = new Event();

event.on((content) => console.log(`get published content: ${content}`), 'myEvent');
event.emit('jaja', 'myEvent'); //get published content: jaja

最后

以上所有代码均可通过Babel跑通,90%以上的代码可被当前版本的io.js(v2.0.2)跑通。